Most agent frameworks model a step as "do some work, then call the tools. " So the tool call — send the email, call the webhook, charge the card — happens inside the run, somewhere in the middle of your graph. That works until it doesn't.

Source: [Dev.to](https://dev.to/bzdvdn/your-ai-agent-re-sends-the-email-on-retry-an-outbox-for-side-effects-13id)

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