Just a few atomic layers at the surface can strongly influence how effectively a material binds pollutants from water or how efficiently a photocatalyst responds to light. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to inves...

Source: [Phys.org](https://phys.org/news/2026-09-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-reveals-surface.html)

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