Microbes in the gut, lungs and biofilms do not simply exist as perfectly mixed populations; instead, they grow in layered and clustered three-dimensional (3D) arrangements. This spatial organization shapes how nutrients and chemical signals move between neighboring cells and how much oxygen diff...
Source: [Phys.org](https://phys.org/news/2026-07-colonies-3d-microbial-architectures-liquid.html)