AI agents are non-deterministic. This is both their superpower and their biggest testing challenge. When you change a prompt, swap a model, or update a tool definition, the agent's behavior shifts in ways you can't predict.
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Most app ideas die the expensive way. The founder pays an agency or spends a year learning to build, ships the app, and then discovers the market's true opinion: silence. The tragedy is that the silence was knowable in advance, for about one percent of the cost.
An AI agent looks like magic in a demo and like plumbing in production. Underneath the branding, it is a loop: the model observes the current state, plans a next step, calls a tool, reads the result, and repeats until the goal is met or it runs out of room. Three things decide whether that loop...